When we experience intense anxiety, our thinking exhibits characteristic features:

• High probability of threat – thinking that the negative outcomes of an anxiety-inducing situation are more likely than what a realistic assessment would show.

• Magnification of the size of the threat – thinking that the worst possible outcomes of an anxiety-inducing situation will occur.

• Assumption of helplessness – thinking that I won’t be able to cope with future difficulties.

• Lowered assessment of safety – failing to perceive safety features in the situation.

The more we focus on the probability of a serious threat or danger and on the inability to cope with the situation, our own helplessness and vulnerability, the stronger the anxiety we will feel.

Changing thinking is an important goal in therapeutic work for anxiety disorders (such as phobias, excessive worrying, panic attacks) in cognitive-behavioral therapy. The patient gradually attempts to change their thinking to focus on the realistic probability of various outcomes in a situation and the ability to cope with it and solve problems arising from difficult circumstances.

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